Prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among high school girls of Gadag district, Karnataka, india- a school-based cross-sectional study

Nitin O Pattanashetty; Jitendra Mugali; Niharika HS

doi:10.30834/KJP.34.2.2021.273

Authors

Nitin O Pattanashetty Assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry, JGM Medical College. Hubli
Jitendra Mugali Jitendra mugali, Associate professor Gadag institute of medical sciences, Gadag
Niharika HS Intern, Department of Psychiatry, GIMS, Gadag

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30834/KJP.34.2.2021.273

Keywords:

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Premenstrual syndrome, Adolescent

Abstract

Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) has consequences on behaviour, cognitive abilities, mental health status, academic performance, and overall quality of life. The study examined the prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among high school going girls of Gadag. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 900 high school going girls aged 12-16 years from government and private schools of Gadag district. The data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The proforma included socio-demographic profile and symptoms related to PMDD. A detailed history was obtained from parents and teachers. Data were analysed using coGuide software, V.1.03 and the p-value was set at < 0.05. Results: In the present study, the prevalence of PMDD was 4.89%. Out of 900 girls, 650(70%) were studying in 9^th and 10^th standard. Forty-four students were diagnosed with PMDD, out of which 14 (4.32%) were aged 14years, 17 (4.89%) were in 9^th St, 30 (4.3%) belonged to English medium, and the majority, 39 (10.1%), were Hindus. Hindu religion was found to be significantly associated with PMDD (P-value of <0.001). No significant difference in PMDD was seen with age (p-value 0.325), the standard of studying (P-value of 0.948), and medium of instruction (P-value of 0.123). Conclusion: The magnitude of PMDD, according to this study, is 4.89%, and the menstrual health of young schoolgirls, particularly those in the age group 12 to 16 years, needs significant public health attention.

References

Frank RT. The hormonal causes of premenstrual tension. Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 1931;26(5):1053–7.

Thodupunuri AV, Samer SF, Hassan MA. A Study to Determine the Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome in Young Females. 2020;8(04):2–5.

Direkvand-Moghadam A, Sayehmiri K, Delpisheh A, Satar K. Epidemiology of premenstrual syndrome, a systematic review and meta-analysis study. J Clin Diagnostic Res. 2014;8(2):106–9.

Chumpalova P, Iakimova R, Stoimenova-Popova M, Aptalidis D, Pandova M, Stoyanova M, et al. prevalence and clinical picture of premenstrual syndrome in females from Bulgaria. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2020;19(1):1–7.

Shamnani G, Gupta V, Jiwane R, Singh S, Tiwari S, Bhartiy S. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among medical students and its impact on their academic and social performance. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2018;8(9):1205.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV [Internet]. 4th ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association; 1994 [cited Jun 25 2021]. 866 p. Available from: http://www.psychiatryonline.com/DSMPDF/dsm-iv.pdf.

Padmavathi P, Sankar R KN. A study on the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among adolescent girls in a selected school at erode. Asian J Nurs Educ Res. 2012;2(3):6.

Tadakawa M, Takeda T, Monma Y, Koga S, Yaegashi N. The prevalence and risk factors of school absenteeism due to premenstrual disorders in Japanese high school students-a school-based cross-sectional study. Biopsychosoc Med. 2016;10(1):1–7.

Dambhare DG, Wagh S V., Dudhe JY. Age at menarche and menstrual cycle pattern among school adolescent girls in Central India. Glob J Health Sci. 2012;4(1):105–11.

Kitamura M, Takeda T, Koga S, Nagase S, Yaegashi N. Relationship between premenstrual symptoms and dysmenorrhea in Japanese high school students. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2012;15(2):131–3.

Raval CM, Panchal BN, Tiwari DS, Vala AU, Bhatt RB. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among college students of Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Indian J Psychiatry. 58(2):164–70.

Mishra A, Banwari G, Yadav P. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder in medical students residing in hostel and its association with lifestyle factors. Ind Psychiatry J. 2015;24(2):150.

Daniel WW. Determination of sample size for estimating proportions. Biostatistics A foundation for analysis in the health sciences. 1999;8:189-90.

American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: APA Press; 2012. p. 465-75.

BDSS Corp. Released 2020. coGuide Statistics software, Version 1.0, India: BDSS corp. Available from: https://www.coguide.in. [Last accessed on 2021 Jun 24].

Gupta M, Dua D, Kaur H, Grover S. Prevalence of premenstrual dysphoric disorder among school-going adolescent girls. Ind Psychiatry J. 2019;28(2):198.

Hamaideh SH, Al-Ashram SA, Al-Modallal H. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among Jordanian women. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2014;21(1):60–8.

Mossie TB, Tesfaye YB, Metekiya WM, Tegegne MT. Magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and associated factors among high school girls, Mekelle, North Ethiopia. Ethiop J Heal Dev. 2015;29(3):170–5.

Minichil W, Eskindir E, Demilew D, Mirkena Y. Magnitude of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and its correlation with academic performance among female medical and health science students at University of Gondar, Ethiopia, 2019: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2020;10(7):e034166.

Budarapu S, Sadam H, K H, M DN, K HR, Dhanekula G. A Study to Assess the Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Various Coping Strategies used by Students in A Womens Medical College from South India. Int J Contemp Med Res. 2018;5(11):1–5.

Zendehdel M, Elyasi F. Biopsychosocial etiology of premenstrual syndrome: A narrative review. J Fam Med Prim care. 7(2):346–56.

Durairaj A, Ramamurthi R. Prevalence, pattern and predictors of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among college girls. New Indian J OBGYN. 2019;5(2):93–8.